Eritrea 1994: Who was who? and where is WHO?

Eritrea 1994: Who was who? and where is WHO?

Several leadership levels, but absolute ruler ONE

Tigre and the others: Linguistic and cultural Changes within the Tigre area

Tigre and the others: Linguistic and cultural Changes within the Tigre area by Prof. Gianfrancesco Lusini

التقرى وغيرهم: التغيرات اللغوية والثقافية داخل منطقة التقرى

http://www.mediafire.com/file/xi7642rdkup3b28/Tigre+and+others.pdf

Opening speech at “History and language of the Tigre-speaking peoples. Proceedings of the International Workshop, Naples, February 7 – 8, 2008 «Studi Africanistici. Serie Etiopica» 8, Napoli: Università di Napoli “L'Orientale”, edited by Prof. Gianfrancesco Lusini

كلمة افتتاحية في "تاريخ ولغة الشعوب الناطقة بالتقرى. وقائع ورشة العمل الدولية، نابولي، 7 - 8 فبراير 2008

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Thanks to Prof. Gianfrancesco Lusini for sharing

Copies of the original Tigrinya letters exchanged between Isaias Afwerki and Meles Zenawi

Copies of the original Tigrinya hand-written letters exchanged between Isaias Afwerki and Meles Zenawi prior to the 1998 war , with summaries in English

http://www.mediafire.com/file/gox4t8g4cxngm96/Presidents+Isias+Meles+Exchange.pdf

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Thanks to Prof. Kjetil Tronvoll for sharing

Remarks on the archaeology of the Tigre area

Remarks on the archaeology of the Tigre area by Andrea Manzo

ملاحظات على آثار منطقة التقرى

http://www.mediafire.com/file/8kf4737m29nyh4b/Archeology+of+Tigre+area.pdf

A paper presented at the “History and language of the Tigre-speaking peoples. Proceedings of the International Workshop, Naples, February 7 – 8, 2008 «Studi Africanistici. Serie Etiopica» 8, Napoli: Università di Napoli “L'Orientale”, edited by Prof. Gianfrancesco Lusini

ورقة بحثية قدمت في "تاريخ ولغة الشعوب الناطقة بالتقرى. وقائع ورشة العمل الدولية، نابولي، 7 - 8 فبراير 2008

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Thanks to Prof. Gianfrancesco Lusini for sharing

The agreements between Eritrea and Ethiopia that ended up in war

The main agreement between the Government of the State of Eritrea and the then Transitional Government of Ethiopia, 20  July 1993

http://www.mediafire.com/file/21bue34o32zekrx/Main+Agreement+Er_eth++July+1993.pdf

The agreement between the Government of the State of Eritrea and the then Transitional Government of Ethiopia, 23 September 1993

http://www.mediafire.com/file/8bv7137blkdltqf/Agreement+Er_eth+1993.pdf

The Joint Communique of 1993

http://www.mediafire.com/file/rsexxwr4bxsc2t1/Joint+communique+93.pdf

The Joint Communique of 1994

http://www.mediafire.com/file/epeki6nj2idwc20/Joint+communique+94.pdf

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Thanks to Prof. Kjetil Tronvoll for sharing

The voting results of Eritreans in the diaspora in the Independence Referendum in 1993

The voting results of Eritreans in the diaspora in the Independence Referendum in 1993

http://www.mediafire.com/file/1840ofv7hogtmy1/Citizens%27+Refrendum+Monitoring++Group+%28CRMG%29_Final+Report_1993%5B428%5D.pdf

Thanks to Prof. Kjetil Tronvoll for sharing

The time Eritrea was divided into six regions 1995

Eritrea 22 years ago, when the country was administratively divided into six regions,

That date, the following were appointed as Administrators of the Regions, Ibrahim Toteel (N. Red Sea), Alamin Sheikh Saleh (Anseba), Mustafa Nur Hussein (Gash-Barca), Mesfin Hagos (Southern Region). That period Dr. Tesfay Germatzion was a Minister of Agriculture, and Adhanom Geberemariam was the Administrator of Seraye (Before the designation of the new regions).

Since 1991, The actors of the play keep changing, but so far, the master is one. Three of the Region Administrators then are in Prison, Mesfin Hagos is in the diaspora

http://www.mediafire.com/file/zpp7np82ecfiby8/New+Adminstrative+Regions_1995.pdf

Thanks to Prof. Kjetil Tronvoll for the collection

A 1984 publication by Marxist-Leninist (ML) Core in the TPLF

When the TPLF was TOO RED

A 1984 publication by Marxist-Leninist (ML) Core in the TPLF

Some highlights:

Pre-TPLF Ethiopia: The civilization of Axum which thrived in what is now Tigray and some outlying areas was one of the most slave societies of the time and the fall of Axum around 10^th century AD was also the fall of slavery as a social system; Yohannes IV was regarded as a feudal lord; Ethiopia emerged as a full-fledged empire at the end of the 19^th century.

ML & its relations with other Ethiopian forces: The TPLF had the ML since its inception and it passed a resolution in the TPLF First Congress in 1979, to make it legal for the vanguard elements and communist cadres (both in the army and mass organizations) to organize openly at a higher level and make necessary preparations for that. It stated that the Proletariat is the leader of the revolution and that the peasants were its core. At the beginning of 1980 the writings of Enver Hoxha’s , the Chair of the Albanian Communist party that was anti-Maoist and anti-Soviet Socialism, found its way to the TPLF and the ML since adopted his line; the ML was against the Tigray Liberation Front (TLF), which it accused as narrow Tigrinyan nationalist, it was also against the EPRP (Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Party), All Ethiopia Socialist Movement (Meison), and Ethiopian Democratic Union (EDU). It rooted them out of Tigray one after the other and became the sole power in there.

Regarding the Eritrean Peoples’ struggle: It considered it a colonial question and just, but it stated that there is a need for a genuine proletarian leadership, if the Eritrean people struggle was to result not only in national liberation, but in social emancipation, as well.

It also supported the Palestinian struggle against Zionism and Imperialism

http://www.mediafire.com/file/rm10979cam4mhmm/TPLF+Marxist+Core.pdf

The opinion of the Institute of Ethiopian Nationalities on the Jeberti 1987

The opinion of the Institute for the study of Ethiopian Nationalities on the Jeberti 1987

When the Jeberti, in Eritrea requested that they be recognized as a separate nationality, The ruling party then, The Workers Party of Ethiopia (WPE) , did not arrest them or kill them, but sent a team of experts from the  Institute for the study of Ethiopian Nationalities to study their case. This is the opinion of the team: The opinion was translated from Amharic to English by Berhane Mekonen, a senior lecturer, Mekelle University

http://www.mediafire.com/file/34l73ndbqen88mf/Jeberti+Ethiopia+note.pdf

Thanks to Prof. Kjetil Tronvoll for sharing the document

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In a separate case, when the Assaworta in Eritrea requested they be recognized in 1986, a separate nationality, the Institute sent a team to study their case. The members of the team were: Yusuf Yassin, Dr. Yayehyirad Kitaw, Dr. Asmelash Beyene and Abiye Fitawork, In both cases, the opinion of the teams was not in favour of the requests.

Fondo Eritrea

Fondo Eritrea

http://www.mediafire.com/file/r7s5qnncq1rl7ce/Fondo_eritrea.pdf

A BBC documentary on Ethiopian Music in the 1980s

A BBC documentary on Ethiopian Music in the 1980s

A journey through Ethiopia through the music of the 1980

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6boJCbIr53w

The Hand-written Manifesto of the TPLF, Feb. 1976

A copy of the original, hand-written English version, of the Tigray Peoples' Liberation Front's (TPLF) Manifesto  of February 1976

http://www.mediafire.com/file/m25yqka6c9ebfez/TPLF+Manifesto+Feb+1976.pdf

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Thanks to Prof. Kjetil Tronvoll for sharing the document

Human Rights issues in Eritrea in 1955

Human Rights issues in Eritrea in 1955 as raised in an article in the Modern Law Review, Issue 5, pp. 484 -486

The idea of a citizen having any rights against the authorities being an startling innovation, in Eritrea resort to the Supreme Court in defence of a constitutional right has been rare, but five cases has arisen in the first two and a half years of self governance, that article discusses those cases....

http://www.mediafire.com/file/8lc8tuh5o3l918s/Human+Rights+1955.pdf

Thanks to Prof. Kjetil Tronvoll for sharing