On the 3rd of October 1935, The Italian General, De Bono
crossed the Mareb River and
advanced into Ethiopia from Eritrea without a declaration of war. In response to the Italian invasion,
Ethiopia declared war on Italy. At
this point in the campaign, roadways represented a serious drawback for the
Italians as they crossed into Ethiopia. On the Italian side, roads had been
constructed right up to the border. On the Ethiopian side, these roads often
transitioned into vaguely defined paths. On the 5th of October, the
Italian army took Adigrat and by the 6th Adwa.
On the 11th
October, Dejazmach Haile Selassie Gugsa and 1,200 of his
followers surrendered to the commander of the Italian army. On the 15th
of October, De Bono's forces advanced from Adwa and entered Axum.
http://www.europeana.eu/portal/record/08602/avCreation_luce_it_IL_avCreation_IL3000087649_1.html?start=1&query=Axum&startPage=1&qf=TYPE%3AVIDEO&qt=false&rows=24
Description:100-Gugsà Ras smiles;101-shot of an Ethiopian leader with other men around;102-a Coptic priest holds a cross in hand, alongside two legionaries.103-Ethiopian group, including children, with white flags;104-Daggett, Ras Gugsà and other Italian authorities lay on the porch of the building;105-the Ethiopians with guns en route, dance and sing;106-the column of the Italians on the road, against the backdrop of a village (looks the same seen above);107-the Italian soldiers marching near Axum;108-views of Axum;109-panoramic view of the ancient African cities surrounded by greenery in a valley of the Tigrai;10-Daggett, salutes the Legionnaires that parade in the clearing;110-the Obelisk of Axum in a square;111-crowd of pilgrims with mules;112-views of the market: sellers, men, women and children sat on the ground and in front of them showing their wares;113-a young woman with her own small merchandise;114-men sitting on the ground in the shade of a large tree;115-old buildings and views of the city;116-the Coptic Church in Axum;117-pilgrims sitting on the ground;118-men standing near a building;119-view from above a courtyard, or a meadow, where a man is kneeling and intention to pray;11-ascari troops parade;120-crowd of people sitting on a hill;121-glimpse of huts of a sector of the city including the background can be seen the Obelisk;122-views of the rooftops of the huts;123-a guy featured in the background of the roofs of the huts;124-group of children and teens posing around construction;125-Italian troops arrive at the entrance to the city;126-the Coptic priest does kiss the cross to Commander of the ascari;127-the ascari run towards the entrance;128-the ascari entering the city;129-Italian legionaries come;12-De Bono observes ascari troops pull out;130-the Italians marching column;131-the Italian military authorities, on donkeys and horses, at the top of the column;132-column of ascari arrives near the walls of the city;133-group of children and adults assisting Ethiopia from a hill upon arrival of Italians and ascari;134-the Italian soldiers, vehicles and the ascari marciano through the streets of the city;135-an Askari, among others, speaks to the population that attends to the sides of the road, through a megaphone;136-ascari in the race;137-the ascari run along the banks of a man-made water basin;138-Coptic priests group;139-Axum Obelisk next to another smaller;13-a gateway to the town of Adwa;140-Italian military authorities run on mules to the square;141-the Group of Ethiopian leaders with the Coptic priest holding the cross in his hand;142-the ascari race to the square where the Obelisk;143-two Ethiopians playing long trumpets;144-framing of the headpiece of a valuable (or a Coptic priest?);145-shots of other precious hats;146-overview of Ethiopians crowd standing in front of the Italians.147 – leaders and priests pay homage to the Italians;148-views of precious accessories, hats and parasols, brought by the Ethiopians;149-Italian authority on mules and ascari exultant stop at an auction which raised the Italian flag;14-ravaged Interior in Italian Consulate to Adua;150-Italian Legionnaires at attention with rifles;151-the Commander of the ascari on horseback holding a flag with medals pinned;152-Italian Legionnaires attention are arranged in a courtyard forming a square;153-the horseback Commander orders something;154-the Commander executes the fascist salute;155-the Italian flag flies;15-shots of the Interior with furniture overturned on the floor full of rubble and loose-leaf;16-external view of the Italian Consulate building;17-an Italian military doctor is intent on medicare the arm of an Ethiopian child;18-De Bono with a legionnaire next hears a Ethiopian religious leader while ago Act of submission;19-low angle showing Daggett on Ethiopic kneeling before him;1-De Bono, accompanied by a legionnaire, browse the Italian soldiers deployed with picks and shovels in hand;20-a Coptic priest holds a cross in De Bono that he kisses her;21-view of a clearing where trucks and vehicles from Italy and animals;22-a truck for the road;23-survey and clear on the plateau;24-on a slope of genius are workers engaged in the construction and expansion of the road;25-the picconano the verge;26-overview on workers at work;27-trucks depart;28-a machine with roller, "Puricelli", goes on the road to compact;29-a truck part;2-group of Ethiopians with the Italian flag and the Ethiopian flag sventolantiDe De Bono and the other Legionnaires walking to a clearing;30-men at work;31-a truckload it starts;32-a Legionary, taken from behind, working on radio telegraphy, observed by teammates;33-Italian Legionnaires intent to raise stakes with cables and wires for electricity;34-a man is sitting at a table and talking via mobile phone;35-two airplanes flying over the area;36-aerial views of the landscape of rocks and mountains below;37-aerial views of Adwa;38-a plane lands;39-overview of Legionnaires who greet pilots;3-the chaplain blesses the men who are standing around a pillar;40-a pilot gets off the plane;41-other riders descend;42-Galeazzo Ciano and Giuseppe Bottai greet the legionaries;43 Group overview of pilots, including Coopers and Cyan;44-the Italian soldiers on the March;45-soldiers on horses;46-columns of Italian soldiers marching towards Axum;47-dromedaries laden with military equipment among soldiers.48-ascari group sitting in the ground;49-moments of Italian advanced;4-Ethiopians with flags flags;50-Ethiopian children and youth watching the Italians marching;51-camels running;52-the ascari into gear;53-marciano truck in reverse compared to the column of soldiers;54-column of Legionnaires and ascari driving horses carrying artillery pieces;55-still marching soldiers;56-military column and artillery along a newly built road;57-a roadside Ethiopian performs the fascist salute in the direction of Italian soldiers on the March;58-Ethiopian running framing the fascist salute with one hand holding a white flag;59-overview of a large group of Abyssinians who made submission to the Italians, sitting on the ground with Italian and Ethiopian flags;5-a laurel wreath was placed at the base of the stele dedicated to the "victims of Adwa";-60 Italian soldiers on the March receive the fascist salute to a small group of Ethiopians on the verge;61-close-up on the face of an Ethiopian;62-a group of Abyssinians sits on the floor, under the command of an Askari;63-overview of some village leaders;64-overview of the village leaders arranged to form a large square in a clearing at the center of the legionaries are Italian;65-village leaders start;66-Ethiopian group goes up the side of a hill in the background of a village;67-the heads of the village further making the fascist salute, then sitting on the ground;68-low angle view of two men;69-a Coptic priest carries the cross to an Italian riding that takes her and kisses her;6-view from above of the legionaries deployed in the Glade near Adwa;70-the priest returned to the Group;71-Ethiopian women;72-Ethiopians, wearing white clothes, scattered across the hillside;73-the column of Italian Legionnaires marching again;74-the column moves away from the village;75-overview on the wide Glade;76-the marching column;77-tanks out of a terrain very rugged terrain;78-the marching column;79-short outage of images;7-a legionnaire at attention next to the stele;80-the ascari mounting artillery pieces;81-two tanks advance;82-the two tanks through a pond;83-the ascari committed to mount weapons;84-a legionnaire gives them orders;85-moments of preparation of artillery pieces;86-riding legionnaire observes the landscape with binoculars;87-the ascari running along one side down;88-military authority on horseback following the operation of conquest of territory with binoculars;89-ascari ready to fire with machine guns;8-stone shot from below;90-the ascari race to clear;91-military authority (General Santini?) notes;92-a pole waving Italian flag on top is driven into the ground;93-near the village Gugsà, Ras in Western military uniform, receives and salutes the Italian authorities at the time of its submission;94-another Ethiopian leader on horseback, surrounded by his men with rifles at shoulder and hand;95-close-up on the face of the man on horseback wearing a wide-brimmed hat;96-the Cape horse's snout Ethiopian, decked out and decorated;97-men group leader with their guns;98-close up on some familiar faces (which appear worried and sad);99-Daggett, inside a room, turns to Ras Gugsà, beside him;9-Legionnaires marching
Contributor: Istituto nazionale luce, Italy
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