The Monitoring, Verification & Compliance Mechanism for CoHA between the FDR of Ethiopia and the TPLF

 

 THE MONITORING, VERIFICATION, AND COMPLIANCE MECHANISM OF The Permanent CoHA between the FDRE and the TPLF

https://www.mediafire.com/file/nvwazphczfdu2dv/Terms+for+monitoring+and+verification_pdf.pdf/file

Sudan's Political Framework Agreement Dec 2022 مشروع الإتفاق السياسي الإطاري

 Sudan's Political Framework Agreement between civilian components and the military signed on December 5, 2022   The English version:

https://www.mediafire.com/file/l8f9ypv3s5j3u85/Sudan+Framework_Agreement_Dec+5__2022.pdf/file

The Arabic version:                      مشروع الإتفاق السياسي الإطاري

https://www.mediafire.com/file/vl1s635he8d4fyr/Sudan+framework+agreement+Arabic+doc.pdf/file

THE CONTESTED LEGITIMACY OF ERITREAN STATEHOOD: THE EFFECTS OF ARAB INTERVENTION, (1941-1993) A 2003 MSC. Thesis

 

THE CONTESTED LEGITIMACY OF ERITREAN STATEHOOD: THE EFFECTS OF ARAB INTERVENTION, (1941-1993)  A 2003 MSC. Thesis By HABTOM ZERAI GHIRMAI

Abstract 

This report has contributed to understanding the diplomatic history of Eritrea‘s war of independence. Its primary purpose is to assess the genesis and effects of Arab interventionist policies in Eritrea critically. The underlying arguments are: Arab intervention was based on a flawed perception of Eritrea as an Arab nation, which could rather be explained in light of their ‗national interests across the spectrum of ideological, political, and security concerns. Second, that intervention was not critical to the victory of this largely self-reliant struggle. This work has also probed into the core of the matter to piece together a rough balance sheet of the interventions to show that they were even detrimental to the struggle. Though it has put much emphasis on the diplomatic circumstance that surrounds the struggle, as the formative years of the struggle had contributed to that end, as a way of introduction, this academic inquiry has started two decades before the start of the armed struggle, stretching the time frame from 1941 to 1993. The year 1941 marks the ending of Italian colonial rule and the start of the British Military Administration, and 1993 signifies the re-birth of the country as a legitimate sovereign by its admission to the United Nations. 

The Thesis can be downloaded at:

https://www.mediafire.com/file/1928j34yvqqo14w/Eritrea_Effects-arab-intervention-1941-1993.pdf/file

WHY REBELS COLLIDE: FACTIONALISM AND FRAGMENTATION IN AFRICAN INSURGENCIES PhD Thesis

 

WHY REBELS COLLIDE: FACTIONALISM AND FRAGMENTATION IN AFRICAN INSURGENCIES, a 2011 Ph.D. dissertation by Michael H. Woldemariam 

Abstract 

A common feature of modern civil wars is the tendency of rebel organizations to factionalize and fragment. Yet how can we explain patterns of factionalism and fragmentation in civil wars? How do normal, private disagreements within rebel organizations become full-fledged disputes that lead to a complete collapse of cooperation in war? Given the importance of rebel factionalism and fragmentation to civil wars' scale, duration, and outcomes, such questions warrant careful consideration. This dissertation uses case studies of seven Ethiopian rebel organizations nested within a statistical analysis of an original dataset of Ethiopia’s civil wars to develop an argument about the dynamics of factionalism and fragmentation within rebel organizations. The argument is then tested more broadly, using statistical data analysis on militant organizations in the Middle East. The project relies on over two years of fieldwork in Ethiopia, Somaliland, and African refugee communities in Europe and North America.

The evidence suggests that rebel factionalism and fragmentation are caused by territorial gains and losses, as battlefield shifts alter the incentives that rebel elites have to cooperate with one another. Counter-intuitively, territorial stalemate promotes cohesion and is the only sustainable basis for organizational stability in war. The core argument, along with several corollaries, contributes to a small but growing literature on the internal politics of rebel organizations and offers lessons for policymakers who seek to influence the dynamics of today’s civil wars.

The thesis can be downloaded at: 

https://www.mediafire.com/file/nrcfzjevr69q3no/WHY+REBELS+COLLIDE_FACTIONALISM+AND+FRAGMENTATION.pdf/file

البعثة التعليمية الأزهرية في إريتريا ١٩٥٢ الى ١٩٦٦ ، دراسة وثائقية Al-Azhar Educational Mission in Eritrea:1952-1966

 

 

 

البعثة التعليمية الأزهرية في إريتريا ١٩٥٢ الى ١٩٦٦ ، دراسة وثائقية

Al-Azhar Educational Mission in Eritrea (1952-1966)

Documentary study

This study deals with the religious, social and cultural role played by the ‘Al-Azhar Educational Mission’ sent to Eritrea 1952 – 1966, and it also highlights the role played by Al-Azhar in teaching Eritrean students at the Islamic Institute in Asmara which was the only one of its kind in East Africa.

https://www.mediafire.com/file/dqb03paea0e9k9m/البعثة+التعليمية+الأزهرية+في+إريتريا+١٩٥٢+الى++Al+Azhar+Educational+Mission+1952+-1966.pdf/file

Assessing the Peace Accord for Tigray November 2022

 

Assessing the Peace Accord for Tigray 

By Concerned Pan-African Scholars 26 November 2022

Overview 

1. This memorandum outlines the background, process, and outcomes of the negotiations between the delegations of the Federal Government of Ethiopia (FGE) and the leadership of the Tigray region (representatives of the Tigray People’s Liberation Front, TPLF, and the people of Tigray), under the auspices of the African Union High-Level Panel, between 24 October and 12 November 2022. Defying pessimistic expectations, the parties reached an agreement in Pretoria, augmented in Nairobi. They have succeeded in ending active hostilities between the two. If the deals hold, this can relieve the humanitarian catastrophe and begin the political dialogue.

The document can be downloaded at the link below:

https://www.mediafire.com/file/0am87px2bfgmj42/Tigray+Peace+deal-Assessment.pdf/file