Saturday 27 June 2020

تقرير لجنــة مجلــس الأمــن بشأن الصومال وإريتريا يوليو ٢٠١١ S/2011/433


  تقرير لجنــة مجلــس الأمــن بشأن الصومال وإريتريا يوليو ٢٠١١

 ٣٥٨ - ولا يعدو الاتجار بالأسلحة انطلاقا من إريتريا الغربية أن يكون مجرد عنـصر في عمليـة هتريب أوسع نطاقـا بكـثير ومربحـة للغايـة، يـشرف عليهـا اللـواء تـيكلاي كيفلـي “مـانجوس ”، قائد المنطقة العسكرية الغربية (انظر أيضا الفقـرات ٢٦٢ ،و ٣٣٠ ،و ٣٦٢ أعـلاه، و ٣٦٢، و ٤١٦ ،و ٤٢٠ أدناه). ونظيره السوداني الرئيسي في هذا النشاط العابر للحـدود هـو مـبروك مبـارك سـليم، وزيـر الدولـة الحـالي للنقـل في الـسودان، وهـو أيـضا تـاجر ثـري وزعـيم سـابق للجماعة المتمردة المنحلّة المسماة “الأسود الأحرار”، التي كانت تـشكل في الـسابق جـزءا مـن تحالف المعارضـة الـسودانية في “الجبهـة الـشرقية”، المـدعوم مـن إريتريـا. ويعمـل سـليم، الـذي ينحدر مـن قبيلـة الرشـايدة، بـشكل وثيـق مـع مهـربين مـن الرشـايدة لهـم قـدم راسـخة في هـذا . (٢٨٩ (المضمار، وينشطون بعلم تام من المسؤولين الحكوميين على الجانبين كليهما من الحدود 



UN Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea Report July 2011


Letter dated 20 June 2011 from the members of the Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea addressed to the Chairman of the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia and Eritrea358. Arms trafficking from western Eritrea is just one component of a much>broader, and highly profitable, smuggling operation overseen by General Teklai Kifle “Manjus”, Commander of the western military zone (see also paras. 262 and, 416 and 420 below). His principal Sudanese counterpart in this cross-border activity is Mabrouk Mubarak Salim, the current Minister of State for Transport of the Sudan, who is also a wealthy merchant and former leader of the now defunct “Free Lions” rebel group that once formed part of the Sudanese “Eastern Front” opposition alliance supported by Eritrea. Salim, an ethnic Rashaida, works closely with other well-established Rashaida smugglers, who operate with the full knowledge of Government officials on both sides of the border. 

Wednesday 24 June 2020

ዓብደላ ሐሰን ፥ ታሪኽ ጅግንንት ተጋዳላይ ፥ ብ 1971 መንደቅ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ካርቸሊ ኣስመራ ብምንኮል ዘምለጡ ተጋዳልቲ Abdella Hassen's heroic journey of Struggle


ዓብደላ ሐሰን ፥ ታሪኽ ጅግንንት ተጋዳላይ ፥ ብ 1971 መንደቅ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ካርቸሊ ኣስመራ ብምንኮል ዘምለጡ ተጋዳልቲ 


ግዕዞ ታርኽ ቃልሲ ካብ ምምራሕ ቃልሲ ተማሃሮ አስመራ አብ 1960s ናብ ሜዳ ናብ ስርሒታት ፍዳእይን ከተማ አስመራ ናብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ካቸሊ ናብ ሜዳ

"ምስ ብጻይ ስዉእ ሁማድ ዓምር ኢድሪስ (ካብሊ) ካብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ካርቸሊ ናይ ኣስመራ ኩዒትና ዛወጻእናሉ ዕለት13/4/1971   ኔሩ።  ኣነ ብጻይ ገረዛጊሄር ተወልደ ምስ ተታሕዜ ተፈሊጠ ስለዝነበርኩ ኣምሊጠ ዕለት 14/4/1967 ንሜዳ ወጺኤ፣ ብዕለት 28/10/1970 ብጸላኢ ተተሓዝኩ ።

The heroic story of a freedom fighter's journey from a student leader in Asmara in the 1960s to the field to being a fedayeen in Asmara, the capture by the enemy, and the escape from the notorious Carsheli prison in 1971 by digging the walls of the prison. Plus Abdella Hassen Interview with German researcher Günter Schröder.
The well-guarded Carshelli  prison, Asmara
Abdella Hassen (left) and Humed Amer Idris (right)

Abdella Hassen (left) and Gerezgher Tewolde (right)

Tigrinya document:
https://www.mediafire.com/file/3cnfv0nzxqvirmk/Abdella_Hassen_Tigrinya_C.pdf/file

Abdella Hassen Interview with German researcher Günter Schröder: 

https://www.mediafire.com/file/ymuechdxfegucht/Abdalla_Hassan_13-2-1991.pdf/file


عبدالله حسن علي قصة بطولات مناضل



 :عبدالله حسن علي
قصة بطولات مناضل
رحلة من نضالات الحركة الطلابية بأسمرا في الستينات، الى الإنضمام الى جبهة التحرير الإرترية، الى العمل الفدائ بأسمرا، الى 
السجن، ثم الهروب الأسطوري من سجن أسمرا، بحفر حيطة السجن، ثم العودة الى الميدان في السبعينات

وعندما انكشف امري وتم القبض على زمیلي جریزقھیر تولدي خرجت إلى المیدان وكان ھذا بتاریخ ١٤ أبريل ١٩٦٧م


ھروبي من سجن ماركاتو مع زمیلي الشھید ھمد عامر ادریس (كابلي) عن طریق الحفر كان بتاریخ 13/4/1971م







رحلة فى الذاكرة مع الفدائ المناضل عبدالله حسن





Sunday 7 June 2020

ኣባይና ሳዋ ልካይድ ሴማ እንደይ ተሓገዛ 1853 ጸላኢና ሳዋ ይውረድ ملعون من أجبر على الذهاب إلى ساوا

ኣባይና  ሳዋ  ልካይድ  ሴማ እንደይ  ተሓገዛ 1853*



ጸላኢና ሳዋ ይውረድ ትርጉም ካብ ቓንቓ ትግራይት

ግጥሚ ደርመስ ወድ ትንሥኤው መንሳዕ ቤት አብርሀ 1853
እዛ ግጥሚ እዚኣ ኣብ ግዜ ወራራት ግብጺ ኣብ ምዕራባዊ ቆላታት ኤርትራ ዝተጻሕፈት እያ። ዝተጨውዩ ሰባት ክረድኡ ንሳዋ ወሪዶም ምስተመልሱ ዝጻሓፍዋ እያ። ክልተ ካብ ሓሙሽተ ጥንታውያን ንግስነታት ቤጃ (Beja kingdoms**) አብ ናይ ሎሚ ኤርትራ ምንባረን ዝዝከር ኮይኑ ፣ ኣብ ሐንቲ ካብ፤አተን መደብር ወተሃደራዊ ታዕሊም መእሰያት ኣብ ኣብ ሳዋ ነይርዋ ።

“Cursed is the one who is forced to go to Sawa” is a poem in Tigrait by Dermas wed Tensaew in 1853. The poem was written during the Egyptian occupation of the western lowlands where they killed and abducted people. The poet and his companions went to find the abducted to Sawa and found out they had been taken to Sudan. He wrote the poem when they came back from Sawa. Their description fits today’s Sawa and its environs. It worthy to note that two of the ancient Beja Kingdoms were in present Eritrea and in one of them, Sawa was a military training outpost.

م"ملعون من أجبر على الذهاب إلى ساوا" قصيدة  بالتيقرايت الفها درماس ود تينسؤ عام ١٨٥٣. كتبت القصيدة أثناء الاحتلال المصري لأراضي المنخفضة الغربية حيث قتلوا واختطفوا الناس. ذهب الشاعر ورفاقه للعثور على المختطفين إلى ساوا واكتشفوا أنهم نقلوا إلى السودان. كتب القصيدة عندما عادوا من ساوا. يناسب وصفهم اليوم ساوا وضواحيها. وتجدر الإشارة إلى أن اثنتين 
من ممالك البجا القديمة كانتا في مايعرف بإريتريا اليوم ، وفي أحدهما كانت ساوا مركزًا عسكريًا للتدريب.د

*Enno Littmann, Publication of the Princeton Expedition to Abyssinia, Vol. III, Tigre Text, Leyden, 1913, pp. 22-23. 
**  

Five Independent Beja Kingdoms between the Nile and the Red Sea ]1]

Al-Ya‘qubi, in his history which was composed about A.D. 872, gives a description of the political situation in the north of this region in his own time after the Beja overrunning of part of the Axumite kingdom. [2] Between the Nile and the Red Sea were five independent kingdoms.

The first, called Naqis, extended from the Nile near Aswan to the lower Baraka. Its capital, Hajar, was visited by the Muslims for trading purposes.[3] The various Beja tribes in the kingdom were the Hadareb, Hiab,’Ama’ar, [4] Kawbar, Manasa (Mensa?), Rasifa, ‘Arbarb’a, and Zanafaj [5]. In their country were mines of gold and precious stones worked by Muslims with whom they were on good terms.

Next came the Baqlin (Rora Baqla?), covering the Eritrean Sahil, the Rora region of the plateau, and the middle course of the Baraka. Their religion resembled that of the Magians and Dualists. They called God Az-Zabjir [6] and the Devil Sahay Haraqa.

The third kingdom was called Bazin in the region between the Christian Nuba kingdom of ‘Alwa and the Baqlin with whom they were formerly at war. The Bazin were possibly the Kunama who are called Bazen by the Abyssinians.

The fourth, called Jarin, had a powerful king whose rule extended from the coastal town called Badi [7]

The fifth, called Qaţ’a, was the last Beja kingdom and extended from the border of Badi’ to a place called Faykun. They were a brave and powerful people and had a military training school called dar as-sawa where the young men were trained in arms. These tribes were all pagan with the exception of the southernmost who were Christians subject to the Abyssinian king.

The gradual spread of Islam amongst the Beja began with the settlement of Muslims in the mining district. Maqrizi records that the excursion of the Beja against Egypt let to the governor of Aswan sending ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Jahm against them. He concluded a treaty with their chief, Kanun ibn ‘Abdal-‘Aziz, whose headquarters was at Hajar in the year A.H. 216 (A.D. 831). His account shows that the Arab traders and mine owners who were active in northern Beja territory may have influenced the chiefs, and that mosques for the benefit of these Muslims existed, two of which are named, one at Hajar, the capital of Naqis, and another at Şinjat.

 

 




]1] Carlo Conti Rossini, Storia D’Etiopia, Bergamo, Istituto Italiano D’Arti Grafiche,1928, pp.265-280.

]2] Al-Yaqubi, Historiae (ed. Houtsma,1883), I,217-19; Trimingham, J. Specer, Islam in Ethiopia, London, Frank CASS, 3rd ed.1976,p.49

]3] Al-Yaqubi, Kitab al-Bulda, ed. De Goeje, in B.G.A., vii (1892), 336. Hajar has not been identified, but it was probably in the Red Sea Hills in the neighborhood of Sinkat.

]4] Possibly the Amar’ar who now live in the region around Port Sudan.

]5] In his K. al-Buldan (pp.336-7), which was composed a little later in A.D. 891-2, Al-Ya’qubi places the Zanafaj in the country of Baqlin, ‘the town where the king of the Zanafija resides is called Baqlin which the Muslims visit occasionally for trading. Their rite (madhhab) is like that of the Hadariba. They have no revealed law and merely worship an idol called hahakhawa.

]6] V.II. az-Zabahir, al-Bahir, possibly the Eth. Egzi’aheher; cf. Ibn al-Faqih al-Hamadhani, K. al-Buldan, B.G.A. v. 78

  1. ]7] Crowfoot identifies Badi with Airi (Ar-Rib) near ‘Aqiq (‘Some Red Sea Ports…’, Geog.Jour. xxxvii, 1911,542ff), while Wiet identifies it with Massawah, which even today is called Batsi in Tigre and Badi in Bedawie. 

   

Thursday 4 June 2020

The Daring ELF Operation of Haikota July/August 1963




The Daring ELF Operation of Haikota  July/August 1963


Gendifil

An ELF unit led by Adem Mohamed Hamid planned to attack and take control of the police station in Haikota. At the beginning of the armed struggle, it was the police force that got engaged with the ELF units. The Haikota Station was an essential outpost for that purpose. An ELF fighter, Mebrahtu Tseggai, from Bogo nicknamed, Getaa 'ገታእ', was sent to Haikota to survey the possibility and collect information.  When he finished his mission, he reported to the Head of the unit Adem Mohamed Hamid, nicknamed ‘Gendifil’-elephant soldier that it was possible.  Gendefil then went to Haikota disguised as a mad person and confirmed it was indeed feasible. Before the operation, a policeman from Bushuka station, Omer Dini, had defected to the ELF with some weapons.

According to the plan, the unit stopped a passenger bus near Haikota. The bus was on its way to Tessenei. The driver was Abu Humed. The fighters, some of them unarmed, known then as ‘Kolei’ stopped the bus before it reached Haikota. They politely asked all the passengers to disembark near a place with Trees and water. They took over the van and drove to Haikota, singing marriage songs. They stopped in front of the police station and immediately attacked and took control of the station. In the exchange, there were some casualties in the police.  But not from the fighters. The police were taken by surprise.

The fighters took 35 rifles (Abu Ashara), 60 hand grenades, and two light machine guns for the first time. They drove the bus into the wilderness, but the bus got stuck in a river-bed, not far from the town. So they had to carry all the weapons for a long distance. This incident paved the way for the battle of Togoruba that took place on 15th March 1964, which was the first confrontation with the Ethiopian army.  

Gendefil, who was born in the village of Shalab in 1935, joined the Sudanese Defence Forces in 1953. He met Awate in Hawasheit on 28/9/1961. He passed away on 17.04.1996

A short biography on Gendefil , in Arabic.


Source: ELF records and interviews with persons who knew about the operation